Windows平台安装docker指定安装路径

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演示使用 docker 版本：4.27.2

操作系统版本：Windows 11 家庭中文版 23H2 22631.3296

Windows 平台使用 PowerShell 7.2.5 安装 Docker Desktop on Windows，指定安装路径，比如 install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker。如果你下载完，双击安装，默认安装路径为C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker。

如果遇到 Start-Process: A positional parameter cannot be found that accepts argument '--installation-dir=D:\software\Docker'.。

请尝试使用 Start-Process '.\Docker Desktop Installer.exe' 'install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker'

做一个简单说明，在 Powershell 中使用某些命令指定参数，可能需要使用单引号或者双引号将指定参数拼接包裹起来，让系统将该命令识别为一个整体。

友情提醒：我这边安装测试环境默认采用 WSL2，你也可以使用 Hyper-V。

PowerShell 命令安装 docker

执行安装命令时，请切换到你下载 docker 所在路径执行命令。

PowerShell 7.2.5 安装 Docker Desktop on Windows，指定安装路径 install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker：

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Start-Process '.\Docker Desktop Installer.exe' 'install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker'

PowerShell 7.2.5 安装 Docker 信息日志：

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PS E:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker> Start-Process '.\Docker Desktop Installer.exe' 'install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker'
PS E:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------->8
Version: 4.27.2 (137060)
Sha1:
Started on: 2024-03-13 02:37:03.038
Resources: E:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker\resources
OS: Windows 10 Home China
Edition: CoreCountrySpecific
Id: 2009
Build: 22631
BuildLabName: 22621.1.amd64fre.ni_release.220506-1250
File: C:\ProgramData\DockerDesktop\install-log-admin.txt
CommandLine: "E:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker\Docker Desktop Installer.exe" install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker
You can send feedback, including this log file, at https://github.com/docker/for-win/issues
[2024-03-13T02:37:03.207865500Z][ManifestAndExistingInstallationLoader][I] Install path is D:\software\Docker. Loading manifest first
[2024-03-13T02:37:03.214865600Z][ManifestAndExistingInstallationLoader][I] No manifest found, returning no existing install
[2024-03-13T02:37:03.214865600Z][Installer][I] No installation found
[2024-03-13T02:37:03.437269300Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Cancel pending background download
[2024-03-13T02:37:03.440268600Z][BackgroundTransfer][I] Cancel current background transfer job
[2024-03-13T02:37:07.684391600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Using package: res:DockerDesktop
[2024-03-13T02:37:07.685763700Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Downloading
[2024-03-13T02:37:08.963591300Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Extracting manifest
[2024-03-13T02:37:09.632584000Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Manifest found: version=137060, displayVersion=4.27.2, channelUrl=https://desktop-stage.docker.com/win/main/amd64/appcast.xml
[2024-03-13T02:37:09.632584000Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Checking prerequisites
[2024-03-13T02:37:09.946644600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Prompting for optional features
[2024-03-13T02:37:36.239911500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Selected backend mode: wsl-2
[2024-03-13T02:37:36.241400800Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Unpacking artifacts
[2024-03-13T02:39:26.623864500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.CreateGroupAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:40.326128200Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.AddToGroupAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:49.434171400Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.EnableFeaturesAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:49.451171500Z][InstallWorkflow-EnableFeaturesAction][I] Required features: VirtualMachinePlatform, Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.034773100Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ServiceAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.036773000Z][InstallWorkflow-ServiceAction][I] Removing service
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.038772900Z][InstallWorkflow-ServiceAction][I] Creating service
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.041394600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ShortcutAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.060434100Z][InstallWorkflow-ShortcutAction][I] Creating shortcut: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Docker Desktop.lnk/Docker Desktop
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.067435200Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ShortcutAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.069434700Z][InstallWorkflow-ShortcutAction][I] Creating shortcut: C:\Users\kart\Desktop\Docker Desktop.lnk/Docker Desktop
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.071434500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.AutoStartAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.072434700Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.PathAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.376848700Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ExecAction
[2024-03-13T02:39:50.381848800Z][InstallWorkflow-ExecAction][I] Running: D:\software\Docker\InstallerCli.exe -i with timeout=-1
[2024-03-13T02:39:53.011361600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Registering product
[2024-03-13T02:39:53.024361600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deleting C:\ProgramData\DockerDesktop\install-settings.json
[2024-03-13T02:39:53.027361700Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Installation succeeded

当你看到 Installation succeeded，表示已经安装完成。

CMD 命令安装 docker

没有指定安装路径，默认安装路径为C:\Program Files\Docker\Docker

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start /w "" "Docker Desktop Installer.exe" install

指定安装路径，示例使用参数--installation-dir=<path>

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start /w "" "Docker Desktop Installer.exe"  install --installation-dir=<path>

将 <path> 替换成所需要安装的路径，比如D:\software\Docker。

演示我的安装路径，指定--installation-dir=D:\software\Docker。执行安装命令时，请切换到你下载docker所在路径执行命令。

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e:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker>start /w "" "Docker Desktop Installer.exe" install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker

CMD 命令安装 Docker 信息日志：

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e:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker>start /w "" "Docker Desktop Installer.exe" install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------->8
Version: 4.27.2 (137060)
Sha1:
Started on: 2024-03-13 03:54:47.600
Resources: e:\Downloads\Dev-tools\podman-docker\resources
OS: Windows 10 Home China
Edition: CoreCountrySpecific
Id: 2009
Build: 22631
BuildLabName: 22621.1.amd64fre.ni_release.220506-1250
File: C:\ProgramData\DockerDesktop\install-log-admin.txt
CommandLine: "Docker Desktop Installer.exe"  install --installation-dir=D:\software\Docker
You can send feedback, including this log file, at https://github.com/docker/for-win/issues
[2024-03-13T03:54:47.772593000Z][ManifestAndExistingInstallationLoader][I] Install path is D:\software\Docker. Loading manifest first
[2024-03-13T03:54:47.781274400Z][ManifestAndExistingInstallationLoader][I] No manifest found, returning no existing install
[2024-03-13T03:54:47.781274400Z][Installer][I] No installation found
[2024-03-13T03:54:48.006629000Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Cancel pending background download
[2024-03-13T03:54:48.010068800Z][BackgroundTransfer][I] Cancel current background transfer job
[2024-03-13T03:54:52.222204900Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Using package: res:DockerDesktop
[2024-03-13T03:54:52.224360200Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Downloading
[2024-03-13T03:54:54.079911500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Extracting manifest
[2024-03-13T03:54:54.982972600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Manifest found: version=137060, displayVersion=4.27.2, channelUrl=https://desktop-stage.docker.com/win/main/amd64/appcast.xml
[2024-03-13T03:54:54.982972600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Checking prerequisites
[2024-03-13T03:54:55.301899300Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Prompting for optional features
[2024-03-13T03:55:48.836177200Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Selected backend mode: wsl-2
[2024-03-13T03:55:48.837178000Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Unpacking artifacts
[2024-03-13T03:57:39.572177600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.CreateGroupAction
[2024-03-13T03:57:53.305866500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.AddToGroupAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.385550200Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.EnableFeaturesAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.403595700Z][InstallWorkflow-EnableFeaturesAction][I] Required features: VirtualMachinePlatform, Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.980044400Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ServiceAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.982350300Z][InstallWorkflow-ServiceAction][I] Removing service
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.984535100Z][InstallWorkflow-ServiceAction][I] Creating service
[2024-03-13T03:58:02.986964900Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ShortcutAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.003453900Z][InstallWorkflow-ShortcutAction][I] Creating shortcut: C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Docker Desktop.lnk/Docker Desktop
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.108383600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ShortcutAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.110665600Z][InstallWorkflow-ShortcutAction][I] Creating shortcut: C:\Users\kart\Desktop\Docker Desktop.lnk/Docker Desktop
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.112045900Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.AutoStartAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.114763000Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.PathAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.527912400Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deploying component Docker.Installer.ExecAction
[2024-03-13T03:58:03.533301600Z][InstallWorkflow-ExecAction][I] Running: D:\software\Docker\InstallerCli.exe -i with timeout=-1
[2024-03-13T03:58:06.207667600Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Registering product
[2024-03-13T03:58:06.220682100Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Deleting C:\ProgramData\DockerDesktop\install-settings.json
[2024-03-13T03:58:06.222835500Z][InstallWorkflow][I] Installation succeeded

更详细的用法，请参考官方文档 windows-install-docker。

以上总结仅供参考哟！最后希望对你的学习和工作有所帮助。

参考资料：

  • docker 官方文档： windows-install-docker

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